Rabu, 15 April 2015

PENGAMBILAN SEL DARAH MERAH PADA IKAN AIR TAWAR

Laporan praktikum kesehatan ikan                                                     kamis 12 Desember 2013



PENGAMBILAN SEL DARAH MERAH PADA IKAN AIR TAWAR




DENI SAPUTRA
4443110373

Asisten
Iin inayah
Muhlisoh
Rizky kartika
Dian
Ida hadijah

JURUSAN PERIKANAN
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA
2013

ABSTRAK
Komponen penyusun sistem peredaran darah adalah jantung, darah, saluran darah, dan limpa. Saluran pembuluh darah utama dalam tubuh ikan Praktikum ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah sel darah merah yang terdapat pada ikan lele. Adapun prosedur kerja pada praktikum ini yaitu pertama siapkan ikan terlebih dahulu yang masih hidup, ambil darah pada ikan dengan menggunakan jarum suntik, setelah itu darah yang sudah dihisap disimpan dipipet, selanjutnya dihisap dengan menggunakan alat haemocytometer sampai sakal yang ditentukan selanjutnya tambahkan larutan hayem’s selanjutnya bentuk selang pipet menjadi angka 8 dan diayunkanselama 3-5 menit sehingga darah tercampur, setelah selesai  buang dua tetes pertama kepiper glas dan amati di microskop.
Kata kunci : Darah, Haemometeran dan microskop

PENDAHULUAN
Latar belakang
Darah selamanya beredar di dalam tubuh oleh karena adanya kerja atau pompa jantung. Selama darah beredar dalam pembuluh maka darah akan tetap encer, tetapi kalau ia keluar dari pembuluhnya maka ia akan menjadi beku. Pembekuan ini dapat dicegah dengan jalan mencampurkan ke dalam darah tersebut sedikit obat anti- pembekuan/ sitrus natrikus. Dan keadaan ini akan sangat berguna apabila darah tersebut diperlukan untuk transfusi darah. Sistem peredaran darah semua hewan vertebrata mempunyai pola yang sama, namuntiap-tiap kelompok mempunyai peredaran darah tertentu yang mempunyai anatomi organ peredaran darah.

Tujuan
Adapun tujuan dilakukannya praktikum ini untuk mengetahui jumlah sel darah merah terdapat pada ikan lele

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Sel darah merah
Sel darah merah (eritrosit) diproduksi di dalam sumsum tulang merah, limpa dan hati. Proses pembentukannya dalam sumsum tulang melalui beberapa tahap. Mula-mula besar dan berisi nukleus dan tidak berisi hemoglobin kemudian dimuati hemoglobin dan akhirnya kehilangan nukleusnya dan siap diedarkan dalam sirkulasi darah yang kemudian akan beredar di dalam tubuh selama kebih kurang 114 – 115 hari, setelah itu akan mati. Hemoglobin yang keluar dari eritrosit yang mati akan terurai menjadi dua zat yaitu hematin yang mengandung Fe yang berguna untuk membuat eritrosit baru dan hemoglobin yaitu suatu zat yang terdapat didalam eritrisit yang berguna untuk mengikat oksigen dan karbon dioksida.



Deskripsi ikan lele
Lele merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar dengan tubuh memanjang dan kulit licin. Dalam bahasa inggris disebut pula catfish. Ikan lele bersifat nocturnal, yaitu aktif bergerak mencari makanan pada malam hari. Pada asiang hari ikan lele terdiam diri dan berlindung ditempat-tempat gelap
klasifikasi ikan lele
Kingdom         : Animalia
Sub-kingdom  : Metazoa
Phyllum           : Chordata
Sub-phyllum    : Vertebrata
Klas                 : Pisces
Sub-klas          : Teleostei
Ordo                : Ostariophysi
Sub-ordo         : Siluroidea
Familia            : Clariidae
Genus              : Clarias
Spesies            : Clarias gariepinus

METODOLOGI
Waktu dan tempat
Praktikum kesehatan ikan pengambilan sel darah merah  pada ikan iar tawar dilaksanakan pukul 01.00 wib kamis 12 desember 2013 bertempat  di laboratorium TPHP jurusan perikanan fakultas pertanian universitas sultan ageng tirtayasa.
Alat dan bahan
Adapun alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada praktikum ini yaitu terdiri dari alat microskop elektrik, jarum suntik, computer dan haemocitometer adapun bahan yaitu anti koagulan, ikan lele dan larutan hayem.
Prosedur kerja
Adapun prosedur kerja pada praktikum ini yaitu pertama siapkan ikan terlebih dahulu yang masih hidup, ambil darah pada ikan dengan menggunakan jarum suntik, setelah itu darah yang sudah dihisap disimpan dipipet, selanjutnya dihisap dengan menggunakan alat haemocytometer sampai sakal yang ditentukan selanjutnya tambahkan larutan hayem’s selanjutnya bentuk selang pipet menjadi angka 8 dan diayunkanselama 3-5 menit sehingga darah tercampur, setelah selesai  buang dua tetes pertama kepiper glas dan amati di microskop.
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Hasil
Tabel.1 Hasil pengambilan sel darah merah (eritrosit) pada ikan lele (Clarias batracus)
Parameter
Sehat
Ikan
Kelompok
hematologis
(Normal)*
lele  (Clarias batracus)
1 dan 2
Eritrosit
(x 106 sel/mm3)
3,18
71 dari 10 kotak kecil
177500

7,1 x 100 x 250
177500





Pembahasan
Dari data pengamatan tersebut menujukan bahwa, eritrosit yang terdapat ikan lele yang ambil bahwa 106 sel/mm3 hal itu menunjukan bahwa ikan lele ikan yang sehat. Dan dengan begitu menunjukan bahwa ikan lele ini adalah ikan yangnormal dan baik dikonsumsi.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan
Dari hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa eritrosit pada ikan lele itu 106 sel/mm3.
Saran
Sarannya ketika melakukan praktikum harus dengan penuh konsentrasi dan fokus agar ilmunya nyamgkut, dan selalu jaga kebersihan laboratorium.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Affandi R dan Tang UM. 2002. Fisiologi Hewan Air. Riau: Uni press.
Alifuddin M. 1993. Diagnose Penyakit Ikan (Cara Pemeriksaan Penyakit Ikan).
Bogor: Fakultas Perikanan IPB.
Ariaty L. 1991. Morfologi Darah Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio), Nila Merah  (Orechromis sp) dan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dari Sukabumi  [skipsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Perikanan IPB.


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